Physical Geography

1. Geomorphology:

• Factors controlling landform development;
• endogenetic and exogenetic forces;
• Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust;
• Fundamentals of geomagnetism;
• Physical conditions of the earth’s interior (पृथ्वी के अंतरतम की भौतिक दशा );
• Geosynclines;
• Continental drift;
• Isostasy;
• Plate tectonics;
• Recent views on mountain building;
• Vulcanicity;
• Earthquakes and Tsunamis;
• Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development ;
• Denudation chronology;
• Channel morphology;
• Erosion surfaces;
• Slope development ;
• Applied Geomorphology : Geohydrology, economic geology and environment.

2. Climatology:

• Temperature and pressure belts of the world;
• Heat budget of the earth(पृथ्वी का ऊष्मा बजट );
• Atmospheric circulation(वायुमंडलीय परिसंचरण );
• atmospheric stability and instability.
• Planetary winds(भूमंडलीय पवन ).
•  local winds (स्थानीय पवन) ;
• Monsoons(मानसून)
•  jet streams (जेट स्ट्रीम )
• Air masses (वायुराशि )
•  Fronto genesis (वाताग्रजनन)
• Temperate (शीतोष्ण चक्रवात )
• tropical cyclones (चक्रवात );
• Types and distribution of precipitation(वर्षण के प्रकार एवं वितरण );
• Weather and Climate;
• Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates;
• Hydrological cycle;
• Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes,
• Applied climatology and Urban climate.

3. Oceanography:

• Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans;
• Temperature and salinity of the oceans;
• Heat and salt budgets,
• Ocean deposits;
• Waves, currents and tides;
• Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources;
• Coral reefs, coral bleaching;
• sea level changes;
• law of the sea
• marine pollution.

4. Biogeography:

• Genesis of soils;
• Classification and distribution of soils;
• Soil profile;
• Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation;
• Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals;
• Problems of deforestation and conservation measures;
• Social forestry;
• agro-forestry;
• Wild life;
• Major gene pool centres.

5. Environmental Geography:

• Principle of ecology;
• Human ecological adaptations;
• Influence of man on ecology and environment;
• Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances;
• Ecosystem their management and conservation;
• Environmental degradation, management and conservation;
• Biodiversity and sustainable development;
• Environmental policy;
• Environmental hazards and remedial measures;
• Environmental education and legislation.

Human Geography

1. Perspectives in Human Geography:

• Areal differentiation;
• regional synthesis;
• Dichotomy and dualism;
• Environmentalism;
• Quantitative revolution and locational analysis;
• radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches;
• Languages,
• religions and secularization;
• Cultural regions of the world;
• Human development index.

2. Economic Geography:

• World economic development: measurement and problems;
• World resources and their distribution;
• Energy crisis;
• the limits to growth;
• World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions;
• agricultural inputs and productivity;
• Food and nutrition problems;
• Food security(खाद्य सुरक्षा );
• famine: causes, effects and remedies;
• World industries:locational patterns and problems;
• patterns of world trade.

3. Population and Settlement Geography:

• Growth and distribution of world population;
• demographic attributes;
• Causes and consequences of migration;
• concepts of over-under-and optimum population;
• Population theories, world population problems and policies,
• Social well-being and quality of life;
• Population as social capital.
• Types and patterns of rural settlements;
• Environmental issues in rural settlements;
• Hierarchy of urban settlements;
• Urban morphology:
• Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule;
• Functional classification of towns;
• Sphere of urban influence;
• Rural – urban fringe;
• Satellite towns;
• Problems and remedies of urbanization;
• Sustainable development of cities.

4. Regional Planning:

• Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation;
• Growth centres and growth poles;
• Regional imbalances; regional development strategies;
• environmental issues in regional planning;
• Planning for sustainable development.

5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography:

• Systems analysis in Human geography;
• Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models;
• Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch;
• Perroux and Boudeville;
• Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location;
• Weber’s model of industrial location;
• Rostov’s model of stages of growth(  रोस्तोव का वृद्धि अवस्था मॉडल).