Topic wise discussion – Paper I Anthropology

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1. 1.1 Meaning, scope and development of Anthropology.
2. 1.2.1 Relationships with other disciplines:-     Social Sciences
3. 1.2.2 Relationships with other disciplines:-     Behavioural Sciences,
4. 1.2.3 Relationships with other disciplines:-     Life Sciences,
5. 1.2.4 Relationships with other disciplines:-     Medical Sciences,
6. 1.2.5 Relationships with other disciplines:-     Earth Sciences
7. 1.2.6 Relationships with other disciplines:-     Humanities.
8. 1.2 Social Anthropology and Sociology
9. 1.2 Social Anthropology and Psychology
10. 1.2 Economic anthropology and economics
11. 1.2 Political anthropology and political science
12. 1.2 Anthropology and history
13. 1.2 Anthropology and philosophy
14. 1.2 Social Anthropology and Social work
15. 1.2 Social Anthropology and Management
16. 1.3.1 Branch of Anthropology, their scope and relevance: (a) Social- cultural Anthropology.
17. 1.3.2 Branch of Anthropology, their scope and relevance: (b) Biological Anthropology.
18. 1.3.3 Branch of Anthropology, their scope and relevance: (c) Archaeological Anthropology.
19. 1.3.4 Branch of Anthropology, their scope and relevance: (d) Linguistic Anthropology.
20. 1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man:
21. 1.4 Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.
22. 1.4 Theories of Organic Evolution
23. 1.4 Pre- Darwinian Lamarckism, Theory of continuity of germplasm, Neo-lamarckism ,
24. 1.4 Darwinian
25. 1.4 Post- Darwinian Mutation theory of evolution, Synthetic theory of evolution
26. 1.4 Synthetic theory of evolution
27. 1.7 The Cell
28. 1.7 Cell Division
29. 1.7 Gene,
30. 1.4.C Gause’s rule
31. 1.4.C Doll’s rule
32. 1.4.C Cope’s rule
33. 1.3 Main branches of Anthropology
34. 1.6.a Australopithecines
35. 1.8 Prehistoric Art
36. 1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology.
37. 1.8.b Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures
38. 1.8(b).i Paleolithic culture
39. 1.8(b).(ii) Mesolithic
40. 1.8(b).(iii) Neolithic
41. 1.8(b).(iv) Chalcolithic
42. 1.8(b).(v) Copper-Bronze Age
43. 1.8(b).(vi) Iron Age
44. 1.8 Chronology: Relative and Absolute Dating methods.
45. 1.8 European mesolithic culture
46. 2.1 The concept and characteristics of culture
47. 2.1 The concept and characteristics of civilization;
48. 2.1 Ethnocentrism vis-à-vis cultural Relativism
49. 2.1 Acculturation: Assimilation
50. 2.2 Social Institutions;
51. 2.2 Social groups
52. 2.2 Social stratification
53. 2.3 Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo);
54. 2.3 Types of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage).
55. 2.3 Functions of marriage;
56. 2.3 Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive)
57. 2.4 functions of family;
58. 2.4 Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and succession);
59. 2.5 Consanguinity and Affinity;
60. 2.2.1 THE CONCEPT OF SOCIETY
61. 2.2.2 Culture and Society
62. 5.3 Sacred and profane
63. 5.4 Myths and Rituals
64. 1.5.7 Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes
65. 1.5.8 Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications
66. 1.6. (c) Neanderthal Man- La-Chapelle-auxsaints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type).
67. 7.1 Nature, origin and characteristics of language
68. 7.3 Social Context Of Language Use  
69. 7.2 Verbal and non-verbal communication
70. 1.4 parallelism and convergence,
71. 1.4 adaptive radiation,
72. 1.4 mosaic evolution
73. 1.5 Characteristics of Primates;
74. 1.5 Evolutionary Trend and  Primate Taxonomy;
75. 1.5 Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial)
76. 1.5 Primate Taxonomy;
77. 1.5 Primate Behaviour;
78. 1.5 Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates;
79. 1.5 Living Major Primates;
80. 6.(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer)
81. 6.(b) Historicism
82. 6.(b) Historical particularism (Boas);
83. 6.(b) Diffusionism
84. 6.(b) Diffusionism (British, German and American)
85. 6.(c) Functionalism
86. 6.(c) Functionalism (Malinowski);
87. 6.(c) Structural- functionalism (Radcliffe- Brown)
88. 6.(d) Structuralism
89. 6.(d) Structuralism – L’evi – Strauss
90. 6.(d) Structuralism- Edmund Leach
91. 6.(e) Culture and personality
92. 6.(e) Culture and personality – Benedict
93. 6.(e) Culture and personality- Mead
94. 6.(e) Culture and personality- Ralph Linton
95. 6.(e) Culture and personality- Kardiner      and
96. 6.(e) Culture and personality- Cora – du Bois
97. 6.(f) Neo-evolutionism
98. 6.(f) Neo – evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service)
99. 6.(f) Neo- evolutionism- V Gordon Childe
100. 6.(f) Neo- evolutionism- Leslie White
101. 6.(f) Neo- evolutionism- Julian Steward
102. 6.(f) Neo- evolutionism- Marshall David Sahlins
103. 6.(f) Neo- evolutionism- Elman Service
104. 6.(g) Cultural materialism (Harris)
105. 6.(h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz)
106. 6.(i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)
107. 6.j Post- modernism in anthropology
108. 4.1 Political organization and Social Control: Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state;
109. 4.1 Chiefdom
110. 4.2 Concepts of power, authority and legitimacy;
111. 4.3 Social control, law and justice in simple societies
112. 2.3 Definition of Marriage
113. 2.3 Universality of Marriage;
114. 2.3 Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry).
115. 2.4 Definition of  family
116. 2.4 Universality of  family
117. 2.4 Family, household and domestic groups;
118. 2.4 Factors which affect family
119. 2.4 Impact of urbanization on family.
120. 2.4 Impact of industrialization on family.
121. 2.4 Impact of feminist movements on family.
122. 2.5 Kinship
123. 2.5 Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral, Ambilineal);
124. 2.5 Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and kindred);
125. 2.5 Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory);
126. 2.5 Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation;
127. 2.5 Descent and Alliance.
128. 2.5 Descent
129. 2.5 Alliance
130. 5.1. Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological and functional);
131. 5.2 monotheism and polytheism;
132. 5 Religion
133. 5 Magic
134. 5.5 Forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies-animism,
135. 5.5 Forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies- animatism,
136. 5.5 Forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies-fetishism,
137. 5.5 Forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies-naturism
138. 5.5 Forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies- totemism;
139. 5.6 Religion, magic and science distinguished;
140. 5.7 magico- religious functionaries- priest,
141. 5.7 magico- religious functionaries- shaman,
142. 5.7 magico- religious functionaries- medicine man,
143. 5.7 magico- religious functionaries- sorcerer
144. 5.7 magico- religious functionaries- witch
145. 8.(a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology
146. 8.(b) Distinction between technique,method and methodology
147. 8.(c) Tools of data collection: observation,
148. 8.(c) Tools of data collection: interview,
149. 8.(c) Tools of data collection:  schedules
150. 8.(c) Tools of data collection: questionnaire,
151. 8.(c) Tools of data collection: Case study,
152. 8.(c) Tools of data collection:  genealogy
153. 8.(c) Tools of data collection:  life-history
154. 8.(c) Tools of data collection:  oral history
155. 8.(c) Tools of data collection:  secondary sources of information
156. 8.(c) Tools of data collection:  participatory methods
157. 8.(d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data
158. 3.1 Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology;
159. 3.2 Formalist and Substantivist debate;
160. 3.3 Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on – hunting and gathering,
161. 3.3 Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on – fishing,
162. 3.3 Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on – swiddening,
163. 3.3 Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on – pastoralism,
164. 3.3 Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on – horticulture,
165. 3.3 Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on – agriculture;
166. 3.4 Globalization and indigenous economic systems.
167. 9.1.1 Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study- pedigree analysis,
168. 9.1.1 Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study- twin study,
169. 9.1.1 Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study- foster child,
170. 9.1.1 Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study- co-twin method,
171. 9.1.1 Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study- cytogenetic method,
172. 9.1.1 Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study- chromosomal
173. 9.1.1 Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study- karyo-type analysis
174. 9.1.2 biochemical methods,
175. 9.1.3 immunological methods,
176. 9.1.4 D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies.
177. 9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic inheritance in man.
178. 9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection,
179. 9.3 Mendelian population,
180. 9.3 Hardy- Weinberg law;
181. 9.3 causes and changes which bring down frequency – mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift.
182. 9.3 Consanguineous and non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages.
183. 9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology-
184. 9.4.(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).
185. 9.4.(b) Sex chromosomal aberrations – Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and other syndromic disorders.
186. 9.4.(c) Autosomal aberrations – Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-duchat syndromes.
187. 9.4.(d) Genetic imprints in human disease-1
188. 9.4.(d) Genetic imprints in human disease-2
189. 9.4.(d) Genetic screening,
190. 9.4.(d) genetic counseling,
191. 9.4.(d) human DNA profiling, gene mapping and genome study.
192. 9.5 Race and Racism
193. 9.5 Biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and metric characters.
194. 9.5 Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment;
195. 9.5 biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man.
196. 9.5 Racial classification
197. 9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes.
198. 9.6 Physiological characteristics- Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-economic groups.
199. 9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology.
200. 9.7 Bio-cultural Adaptations – Genetic and Non- genetic factors.
201. 9.7 Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert,
202. 9.7 Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: cold climate
203. 9.7 Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: high altitude climate.
204. 9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health and disease.
205. 9.8 Infectious and non-infectious diseases.
206. 9.8 Infectious diseases-2 
207. 9.8 Non-infectious diseases.
208. 9.8 List of Infectious diseases.
209. 9.8 Nutritional deficiency related diseases.
210. 10. Concept of human growth and development:
211. 10 Principles of Human growth and development
212. 10. stages of growth – pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence.
213. 10.Factors affecting growth and development- genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and socio-economic.
214. 10.Theories and observations – Ageing and senescence.
215. 10. Biological and chronological longevity.
216. 10. Human physique and somatotypes.
217. 10. Methodologies for growth studies.
218. 11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility.
219. 11.1 Fertility patterns and differentials.
220. 11.2 Demographic theories- biological, social and cultural.
221. 11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality.
222. 12. Applied anthropology
223. 12. Medical anthropology
224. 12. Anthropology of sports,
225. 12. Nutritional anthropology,
226. 12. Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments,
227. 12. Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments-2
228. 12. Forensic Anthropology,
229. 12. Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction
230. 12. Applied human genetics – Paternity diagnosis
231. 12. Genetic counselling
232. 12. Eugenics
233. 12. Applied human genetics – genetic counselling and eugenics
234. 12. Applied human genetics –DNA technology in diseases and medicine
235. 12. Applied human genetics – serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology
236. 12. Applications of Anthropology
237. 1.7  DNA structure
238. 1.7 DNA replication
239. 1.7 Protein Synthesis,
240. 1.7 Mutation,
241. 1.7 Chromosomes,
242. 9 Gene therapy
243. 9 Mutation
244. 9 Mendelism
245. 1.5 Primate Taxonomy
246. 1.5 Primate Taxonomy
247. 1.4 Micro-evolution and Macro-evolution.
248. 1.6 Hominid- comparative measures
249. 226. 1.6.(d) Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of- Rhodesian man.
250. 2. Culture
251. 9.3 Genetic load
252. 1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of

1. 1. 1.  Homo erectus: Africa (Paranthropus),
      2. Europe (Homo erectus heidelbergensis),
      3. Asia     (Homo erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis)

251. 1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of- (e) Homo sapiens

1. 1. 1. Cromagnon,
      2. Grimaldi
      3. Chancelede.

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